Best Programming Languages for Android App Development [2025]

1. Kotlin

Kotlin is a newer language that was announced as an official language for Android development in 2017. It is designed to be more concise and expressive than Java, and it has several features that make it easier to write safe and performant code. Imagine a programming language that’s like Java’s cool younger sibling, that’s Kotlin. It’s a modern, multi-talented language that’s making waves in the tech world. Kotlin is like a Swiss army knife for programmers. It can handle a variety of tasks, from building Android apps to creating server-side applications and even dabbling in data science. It’s like a one-stop shop for coding adventures, making it the best programing language for Android app development in 2025.

Key Features of Kotlin  

• Kotlin’s concise syntax reduces coding efforts by up to 40%, accelerating time-to-market and minimizing development expenses. Less code also means easier maintenance and fewer errors. 

• Kotlin works flawlessly with Java, allowing businesses to reuse legacy code, leverage proven libraries, and avoid costly overhauls. This is ideal for teams with Java expertise. 
• Kotlin’s built-in null safety prevents crashes caused by common coding errors, ensuring stable, reliable apps that boost user satisfaction and retention.

Advantages of Kotlin for Android App Development  

• As Google’s officially supported language for Android, Kotlin aligns with industry best practices and ensures your app stays updated with evolving trends. 

• Clean, readable code improves teamwork between developers and reduces long-term maintenance costs, making updates and scaling effortless. 
• Kotlin’s modern features attract top developer talent, ensuring your app leverages cutting-edge tools to outperform competitors. 

Why Businesses Choose Kotlin Over Others?  

• Fewer crashes and errors mean lower post-launch fixes and a stronger brand reputation, reducing risk and increasing ROI. 

• Kotlin’s flexible architecture and streamlined codebase allow businesses to build apps that grow with their needs. 

• Companies like Airbnb, Uber, and Trello rely on Kotlin for its reliability and alignment with Android’s ecosystem, making it a trusted choice.  

2. Java 

Before the advent of mobile apps, Java was around, helping developers build innovative products. Java has been a cornerstone of software development for over 25 years, powering everything from enterprise systems to mobile apps. While newer languages like Kotlin have gained popularity, Java continues to be a trusted and versatile programming language for businesses building scalable, high-performance Android apps. Here’s why Java is still a smart choice for your Android app development needs: 

Key Features of Java  

• Java’s “Write Once, Run Anywhere” capability allows businesses to develop apps that work seamlessly across multiple platforms, reducing development time and costs. 

• With a massive ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools, Java simplifies the development process and ensures access to proven solutions for complex app requirements. 
• Java’s strong performance makes it ideal for resource-intensive apps, ensuring smooth functionality and a superior user experience. 

Advantages of Java for Android App Development  

• Java has been the industry standard for Android development for years, meaning there’s a wealth of expertise, resources, and legacy systems built on the language. 

• Its platform independence enables businesses to reuse code across different environments, saving time and effort in cross-platform development. 
• Java’s stability and scalability make it a reliable choice for businesses looking to build robust, future-proof apps that can grow with their needs. 

Why Businesses Choose Java for Android Development  

• Many existing Android apps are built in Java, making it the go-to choice for businesses maintaining or upgrading legacy systems. 

• Java’s large and active developer community ensures access to a wealth of tutorials, tools, and solutions, reducing dependency on specialized talent. 

• Its proven track record in Android development makes Java a low-risk, high-reward option for businesses prioritizing reliability and performance. 

3. Python 

Python is a high-level, versatile programming language known for its simplicity, readability, and flexibility. While it’s not the primary language for native Android development, Python can be used to build cross-platform Android apps through frameworks like Kivy and BeeWare. For businesses looking for a cost-effective, efficient solution, Python offers unique advantages that make it a strong contender for Android app development. 

Key Features of Python 

• Python’s simple and readable syntax speeds up development, enabling faster prototyping and reducing time-to-market for Android apps. 

• With frameworks like Kivy and BeeWare, Python allows businesses to create cross-platform apps that work on Android, iOS, and desktop, saving time and resources. 

• Python’s extensive libraries and tools streamline development, making it easier to integrate advanced features like data analysis, AI, and machine learning into Android apps. 

Advantages of Python for Android App Development 

• Python’s straightforward syntax aids in quick prototyping and iterative testing, which is beneficial for companies pursuing agile project execution. 

• Extensive community support means that businesses have access to a broad range of libraries and resources to overcome common development challenges. 

• Dedicated frameworks for Android app development simplify the process of creating cross-platform apps, cutting down on the time needed for project deployment. 

• Python’s adaptability meets diverse business needs by providing solutions that span mobile, web, and data-driven applications. 

Why Businesses Choose Python Over Others? 

• Python’s rapid development cycle is ideal for startups and small teams looking to quickly bring their Android apps to market. 

• The language’s flexibility supports a wide range of applications, from simple apps to complex, data-driven solutions, making it a versatile choice for diverse business needs. 

• By using Python, businesses can reduce development costs and maximize ROI through code reuse and faster deployment. 

4. JavaScript 

One notable benefit of cross-platform development for businesses is that it allows the use of various programming languages for Android app development. Although JavaScript is not a primary language for native Android apps, it can be applied with the help of cross-platform frameworks. JavaScript is used to build hybrid and cross-platform mobile applications through frameworks like React Native, Ionic, and Flutter, making it one of the best programming languages for android app development in business settings. 

Key Features of JavaScript 

• JavaScript is a versatile language widely employed in web development and is adaptable for Android app creation through popular frameworks such as React Native. 

• A large and active community supports JavaScript, offering an extensive collection of libraries, tools, and resources that streamline mobile app creation. 

• When combined with frameworks like React Native, JavaScript enables cross-platform development, allowing a single codebase to be deployed on both Android and iOS platforms and yielding significant time and cost savings. 

• The language’s flexibility supports the creation of responsive and feature-rich user interfaces that meet modern business requirements. 

Advantages of JavaScript for Android App Development 

• The high-level nature of JavaScript and its extensive library collection facilitate quicker application development, making it a preferred option for projects with tight deadlines. 

• JavaScript-based development proves cost-effective when building apps for multiple platforms, as it minimizes the need for separate development teams and reduces overall expenses. 

• Leveraging web technologies within JavaScript helps create interactive mobile interfaces, contributing to an enhanced user experience. 

• Reusing a single codebase across platforms accelerates deployment, which is particularly beneficial for businesses aiming to reduce time to market. 

Why Businesses Choose JavaScript Over Others? 

• The capacity for cross-platform compatibility means that a single codebase can serve multiple platforms, allowing businesses to reach a wider audience while conserving resources. 

• An extensive ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and tools offers practical solutions to common challenges encountered during mobile application development. 

• JavaScript supports the development of feature-rich mobile apps that align with specific business needs, ensuring that project requirements are met efficiently. 

• Integrating web and mobile technologies through JavaScript streamlines project workflows, resulting in improved performance and cost savings for business operations. 

5. Dart  

Dart, a general-purpose programming language developed by Google, is a solid option for Android app development in business projects. It offers distinct features that address the evolving demands of mobile app projects, especially for cross-platform development and creating high-performance, native-style user interfaces. 

Key Features of Dart 

• Dart supports rapid development by combining Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation for fast iterations with Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) compilation for optimized production performance. 

• The Hot Reload feature in Flutter lets teams observe the effect of code adjustments immediately, streamlining the debugging and development cycle. 

• As a statically typed language that permits optional typing, Dart delivers the reliability required for large-scale projects while maintaining flexibility. 

• Its integration with Flutter promotes a consistent development process, contributing to smoother project workflows and easier maintenance. 

Advantages of Dart for Android App Development 

• The connection with Flutter allows a single codebase to be used for both Android and iOS apps, saving valuable time and lowering development costs. 

• Flutter’s rendering engine, powered by Dart, produces high-performance and visually appealing user interfaces that support business goals. 

• A growing community provides extensive libraries and resources, helping teams address common challenges and streamline project timelines. 

• Modern tooling and debugging support in Dart contribute to more efficient development cycles, which can help meet project deadlines more reliably. 

Why Businesses Choose Dart Over Others? 

• Dart’s combination of Hot Reload, cross-platform capabilities, and straightforward UI development in Flutter increases productivity and reduces time-to-market. 

• The ability to create customizable and polished user interfaces using Dart and Flutter meets business standards for quality and user experience. 

• By reducing the need for separate codebases across platforms, Dart helps lower development expenses and simplifies project management. 

• Its unified development framework supports consistency throughout the app creation process, aiding in smoother transitions from design to production. 

6. C++  

In Android app development, C++ stands as a seasoned language with deep roots and proven performance. It is primarily used in the Native Development Kit (NDK) to add native code components. C++ is typically applied to performance-critical tasks and accessing low-level system resources, making it suitable for computationally intensive projects such as games, graphics-intensive applications, and real-time systems. Although it can deliver high performance, the language demands a thorough understanding of programming concepts and careful attention to detail. 

Key Features of C++ 

• Recognized for its long-standing reliability and performance in mobile projects. 

• Commonly used in the NDK to integrate native code, optimizing app performance. 

• Provides direct access to low-level system resources, supporting demanding computational tasks. 

• Frequently chosen for projects with legacy codebases or applications that require intensive processing. 

Advantages of C++ for Android App Development 

• Delivers robust performance essential for graphics-intensive applications and games. 

• Enhances app efficiency through native code integration via the NDK. 

• Supports the development of stable and scalable Android apps for high-performance needs. 

• Offers a strong foundation for computationally heavy and real-time applications. 

Why Businesses Choose C++ for Android App Development? 

• Businesses appreciate its ability to handle performance-critical tasks and complex computations. 

• It contributes to improved app performance, meeting the demands of resource-intensive projects. 

• Its support for legacy codebases benefits companies with existing C++ projects. 

• Choosing C++ can provide a competitive advantage for firms needing high-performing Android applications. 

7. C#  

C# is an object-oriented programming language that is part of the .NET ecosystem. Although not the primary language for native Android app development, it can be used to build Android apps through cross-platform frameworks such as Xamarin and MAUI. These frameworks allow teams to compile C# code into native Android applications with access to the Android SDK and native APIs. C# is well-regarded for its strong performance in resource-demanding applications and compatibility with legacy codebases. 

Key Features of C# 

• Part of the .NET ecosystem, offering a comprehensive set of libraries and development tools. 

• Utilized for native Android app creation through cross-platform frameworks like Xamarin and MAUI. 

• Provides access to the Android SDK and native APIs, enabling robust mobile app development. 

• Supports integration with legacy codebases, which is advantageous for ongoing projects. 

Advantages of C# for Android App Development 

• Offers solid performance for resource-intensive applications while maintaining reliable code quality. 

• Simplifies cross-platform development, reducing the need for multiple development teams. 

• Benefits from a rich ecosystem of libraries and community resources that accelerate development. 

• Facilitates a smoother development process with tools that align with established business workflows. 

Why Businesses Choose C# for Android App Development? 

• Its cross-platform capabilities allow a single codebase to be deployed across multiple platforms, optimizing resource use. 

• Integration with frameworks like Xamarin and MAUI supports cost-effective and timely app delivery. 

• C#’s compatibility with legacy systems benefits companies looking to update or integrate with existing applications. 

• Businesses value C# for its blend of performance and flexibility in creating modern Android applications. 

Conclusion: The Best Language for Android App Development in 2025 

Among the various programming languages available, Kotlin stands out as the leading choice for Android app development. Its concise and expressive code reduces development time and improves readability, while its null-safety features ensure reliable, crash-free applications. 

Kotlin’s seamless integration with Java libraries and frameworks allows businesses to leverage existing resources and expertise, ensuring a smooth transition and maximizing ROI. This interoperability, combined with Kotlin’s modern features, has made it the preferred choice for 60% of developers worldwide. 

For businesses, this means faster time-to-market, lower maintenance costs, and a future-proof solution that aligns with Google’s official recommendations for Android development. 

Which programming language is best for Android apps?  

Kotlin is the new official programming language for Android app development, but some Android app development companies still use Java as its reliable and robust security. Here is the list of some of the most popular programming languages in 2024 based on the latest statistics.  

How do I choose a programming language for an app?  

First, learn about your requirements, what you want to add to your app, what functions and features you need, and your target audience. Based on this, you can choose any programming language for Android app development. Development companies mostly consult with the client, asking for their requirements and other details. Based on this information, they offer their suggestions with benefits. 

Which is better for Android app development, Java or Kotlin?  

Most developers choose Kotlin over Java due to various new features and Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM). However, Java is still in use and easy to learn while also offering the best support with its large developer community. Here is a table for Java vs Kotlin, which can help you choose a programming language.